Understanding Microvascular Dysfunction

A condition that affects the smallest vessels.

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction affects the tiny blood vessels of the heart—vessels too small to see on standard tests such as an angiogram. Unlike blockages in larger arteries, CMD involves dysfunction in how these small vessels regulate blood flow.(1)

Diagnosis has historically been challenging. Standard cardiac tests were designed to detect blockages in larger vessels—which is why many women with CMD receive normal results despite experiencing real symptoms. The medical community's understanding has advanced significantly, and CMD is now increasingly recognised as a distinct condition requiring targeted approaches.(2)

While there is no cure for CMD, emerging evidence suggests that tailored lifestyle interventions can support symptom management and better quality of life.(3)

Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) and the chest pain (angina) that arises from that is a debilitating heart condition.